Spindle is one of the main components on a spinning machine that adds twist and winding, and it is a combination piece with a slender rotating shaft supported by two points as the main body. Spindles are found in roving frames, spinning frames, and twisting machines. Traditionally, the equipment scale and production capacity of a spinning mill are indicated by the number of spindles. The quantity and speed of the spindles have a direct impact on the production capacity of the corresponding processes, especially for the spinning spindles. The quality of the spindle is closely related to the quality of the yarn, power consumption, environmental noise, and labor productivity. Therefore, the assembly of the spindle directly affects the performance and vibration of the complete set of spindles. So, what common problems exist in the use of spindles, and how should they be resolved?
1. Ingot Tip Wear
Die tip wear can cause phenomena such as die handle roughness and excessive vibration range. The main areas of die wear occur at the die tip and the bearing stop location. Normal wear on the die tip presents a smooth spherical shape; severe abrasive wear causes the die tip to become gourd-shaped. The characteristics of die tip wear are a gourd head and grooves appearing on the lower cone.
Reason Analysis: When the bottom and tip of the spindle are not on the same axis, lateral contact sliding wear can occur due to the spindle's axial movement. If the upper bearing lacks lubrication, the wear rate of the bearing race will accelerate. Normal bearing race wear reduces precision, increases fitting clearance, and leads to more intense vibration. Generally, under certain load conditions, the degree of spindle wear depends on the material, hardness, geometric precision, and roughness of the spindle, spindle bottom, and bearings. Additionally, the quality of the bobbin has a significant impact on spindle vibration, especially at high speeds.
Exclusion Method:The role of oil in the spindle is not only to lubricate the components but also to dampen vibrations and affect power consumption. Regularly oiling the spindle and ensuring sufficient oil quantity can slow down the wear of the spindle tip. The recommended oil brand numbers are full-loss system oil L～AN10 with national standard number GB 443, bearing lubricant (main shaft lubricant) L-FC10, L-FD10, with L-FD10 being the best choice. The kinematic viscosity of the oil should be between 9 mm2/s～11 mm2/s (at 40 ℃); Lubricants should be original packaging products from large petrochemical enterprises. The drum tube should be manufactured by a manufacturer with good and stable quality; Correct use and maintenance of the spindle can reduce wear and tear, prolonging the lifespan of the spindle.
2.Broken ingot lever
Reason Analysis:1. The problem was caused by the collision of the small trolley with the yarn; 2.There are cracks and defects in the spindle rod itself; 3. The hard and brittle phenomenon was caused by improper quenching of materials and unreasonable aging.
Exclusion Method:Do not use trolleys or reduce the number of times trolleys are used; Since the probability of ingot bars with cracks in the material or ingot bars themselves is extremely low, it can generally be solved by careful selection before loading.
3.Broken spindle, oil leakage or seepage from the spindle
Reason Analysis:1.Improper installation method-not installing according to requirements or hitting the spindle foot flange during alignment, or tightening the nut by increasing the lever arm force can all cause the phenomenon of broken spindle foot; 2.The loose material of the spindle foot caused by casting, the unfine organization or the cracks, air holes, sand holes and other defects in itself, may all result in the phenomena of broken spindle foot and oil leakage or oil penetration.
Exclusion Method:Spindle is installed in the sley's dent hole, requiring precise positioning, reliable fastening, and resistance to movement. Proper installation of spindle foot requires a tightening torque not exceeding 80 N·m when securing the nut; any oil leakage or seepage from the spindle foot should be promptly identified and addressed to prevent yarn contamination.
4.The ingot becomes brittle and loses elasticity.
Reason Analysis:The loss of elasticity in the gauge bladder is mainly due to poor oil quality and dirt.
Exclusion Method:Use high-quality lubricating oil; Regularly check the oil level height; Regularly replenish oil.
By analyzing the structure of the spindle and the problems and causes that arise during its use, in order to increase the overall machine speed and extend the lifespan of the spindle, it is essential to promptly identify and address any issues that occur during its operation. The spindle should be used appropriately, cleaned on schedule, lubricated, and subject to routine inspections and maintenance. This approach aims to enhance the quality of the yarn produced and prolong the lifespan of the spindle.