There are various classifications of looms. According to the method of raising the weft thread during weaving, they can be divided into shuttle looms and shuttleless looms.
The weft insertion of looms with shuttle technology is carried out using traditional wooden or plastic shuttle devices for weft insertion. Due to the large size and heavy weight of the shuttle, it needs to be repeatedly projected back and forth, resulting in significant machine vibration, high noise, high energy consumption, slow speed and low efficiency.
The weft insertion methods of shuttleless looms are also diverse, including the scythe frame, jet, water jet, flat loom, and multi-lobe (multi-phase) methods.
The basic feature of a shuttleless loom is to separate the warp yarn rolls from the shuttle, or to carry only a small amount of warp yarn and replace the large and heavy shuttle with a small and lightweight weft inserter, providing favorable conditions for high-speed weft insertion. In terms of the supply of warp yarn, it directly adopts the cylinder roll packaging, which enters the weft insertion mechanism through the storage device, enabling the loom to get rid of frequent weft replenishment actions. Therefore, the use of shuttleless looms is of great significance for increasing fabric varieties, adjusting fabric structure, reducing fabric defects, improving fabric quality, reducing noise, improving working conditions, and reducing energy consumption.
The shuttleless weaving technology originated in the 19th century. The earliest research was on the use of the bobbin for guiding the weft thread.
In 1844, John Smith obtained the patent for the shuttle. In 1870, the rigid shuttle was invented, and in 1899, the rigid shuttle technology was perfected. In 1922, the flexible shuttle technology was invented.
In the 1930s, the production of shuttle looms began. In 1951, the shuttle loom was first exhibited at the first International Textile Machinery Exhibition, and it was gradually improved and enhanced, and then commercialized.
The shuttle insertion technique was patented by an American named Poster in 1911. From 1942, the Swiss Sulzer-Rutti Company was the sole developer of shuttle-insertion looms. The first batch of shuttle-insertion looms was put into use in 1953, and the shuttle-insertion looms were exhibited at the Second International Textile Machinery Exhibition in 1955 and gradually became commercialized.
Jet wefting was patented by an American named Byooks in 1914. It was tested in the 1950s and was gradually commercialized at the 2nd International Textile Machinery Exhibition in 1955, where both jet looms and jet water looms were exhibited. Different forms of multi-phase looms originated in Europe and still need to be improved and enhanced.
Weaving method: The weft insertion method of a shuttle loom involves using reciprocating moving shuttle forks to insert or hold the weft yarn, thereby bringing the weft yarn on the fixed cylinder outside the machine into the shed.
Weaving method: The weft insertion method of the flat loom is to use a flat weft inserter to introduce the weft yarn from the fixed bobbin into the loom's shed. This flat weft inserter is called a flat loom.
Features: It has a good control ability over the weft yarn; there are few faults and the weft insertion quality is excellent; after the weft yarn is introduced into the eyelet, its tension is precisely regulated. All these features are highly beneficial for the processing of high-end products.
Variety adaptability
Because the shuttle has a good clamping ability for the weft yarn, it can be used for wefting with a wide range of yarns. However, for fabric processing where the warp yarn is weakly twisted or has very low strength, using the shuttle for wefting is clearly not suitable, as the weft yarn is prone to breaking.
2. It has the function of changing weft color in 2 to 6 colors, and can perform fixed weft ratio mixing (1:1) and color selection for 4 to 6 colors.
3. The width is very large, almost meeting all the requirements for fabric processing width. Processing wide fabrics and screen fabrics is a distinctive feature of the shuttle loom.
4. It can be equipped with multi-arm opening mechanism or jacquard opening mechanism, and is capable of processing some high-value-added decorative fabrics and high-end woolen fabrics.
Weaving method: The weft insertion method of a jet loom is to use compressed air to pull the weft yarn and guide it through the shed.
Features: It can be used for processing various types of fabrics ranging from thin to thick. The weft yarn can be dyed in 4 to 6 colors. The raw materials mainly consist of short fibers and chemical fiber long filaments.
Variety adaptability:
It is particularly suitable for processing thin fabrics and has obvious advantages when producing low-to-high density single-color fabrics.
2. The jet loom has high output, good quality and low cost, making it highly suitable for the production of large quantities of single-color fabrics. It also has good economic benefits.
3. By using pipeline jetting for weft insertion, for the production of medium-grade and some high-grade fabrics with high demand, the economic benefits and energy-saving effects are quite obvious.
4. Jet weft insertion is a passive weft insertion method. The weft insertion airflow has insufficient control over certain weft yarns, which makes it prone to producing weft insertion defects.
Weaving method: In a jet loom, water is used as the weft thread guiding medium. By spraying water, a frictional traction force is generated on the weft thread, enabling it to be introduced into the loom's eyelet from the fixed bobbin.
Features: The water jet weft insertion uses a one-way flowing water as the weft insertion medium, which is beneficial for the high speed of the loom. Among several shuttleless weft insertion looms, the water jet loom has the highest speed and is suitable for large-scale, high-speed, and low-cost fabric processing.
Variety adaptability:
It is usually used in the fabric processing of hydrophobic fibers. The processed fabric needs to undergo drying treatment afterwards.
2. On a jet-spun loom, the weft yarn is pulled by a one-time jet spray from the nozzle. The characteristic of the jet flow velocity rapidly decaying according to an exponential law hinders the expansion of the loom's width. Therefore, jet-spun looms are often used for processing narrow or medium-width fabrics.
3. It can be equipped with a multi-arm opening device, which is suitable for processing high-density original fabric and small-pattern fabric. The weft-selecting function of the jet loom is relatively poor. At most, only three nozzles can be used to achieve double-weft-color or triple-weft-color weaving.
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